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Hermann Rorschach ( or (:ˈʀoːɐ̯ʃax); 8 November 1884 – 1 April 1922) was a Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, best known for developing a projective test known as the Rorschach inkblot test. This test was reportedly designed to reflect unconscious parts of the personality that "project" onto the stimuli. In the test, individuals are shown 10 inkblots—one at a time—and asked to report what objects or figures they see in each of them.〔Huffman, K. (2008), ''Psychology in Action'', John Wiley & Sons, 9th Edition, ISBN 0-470-37911-1〕 ==Early life and career== Rorschach was born in Zürich, Switzerland, the eldest of three children born to Ulrich and Philippine Rorschach. His sister's name was Anna and his brother's name was Paul. He spent his childhood and youth in Schaffhausen, in northern Switzerland. He was known to his school friends as ''Klecks'', or "inkblot" since he enjoyed klecksography, the making of fanciful inkblot "pictures". Rorschach's father, an art teacher, encouraged him to express himself creatively through painting and drawing conventional pictures. As the time of his high school graduation approached, he could not decide between a career in art and one in science. He wrote a letter to the famous German biologist Ernst Haeckel asking his advice. The scientist suggested science, and Rorschach enrolled in medical school at the University of Zurich. Rorschach began learning Russian, and in 1906, while studying in Berlin, he traveled to Russia for a holiday. Rorschach studied under the eminent psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had taught Carl Jung. The excitement in intellectual circles over psychoanalysis constantly reminded Rorschach of his childhood inkblots. Wondering why different people often saw entirely different things in the same inkblots, he began, while still a medical student, showing inkblots to schoolchildren and analyzing their responses. In 1857 German doctor Justinus Kerner had published a popular book of poems, each of which was inspired by an accidental inkblot, and it has been speculated that the book was known to Rorschach.〔Pichot, P. (1984). Centenary of the birth of Hermann Rorschach. (S. Rosenzweig & E. Schriber, Trans.). ''Journal of Personality Assessment'', 48, 591–596.〕 French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented with inkblots as a creativity test.〔 By July 1914 Rorschach had returned to Switzerland, where he served as an Assistant Director at the regional psychiatric hospital at Herisau,〔 and in 1921 he wrote his book ''Psychodiagnostik'', which was to form the basis of the inkblot test. More recently, the inkblot test has been criticised as pseudoscience and remains controversial.〔Scott O. Lilienfeld, James M. Wood and Howard N. Garb: (What's wrong with this picture? ) Scientific American, May 2001〕 In November 2013 Google celebrated the 129th anniversary of Rorschach's birth with a Google Doodle showing an interpretation of his inkblot test.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/11/inkblot-doodle-on-google-marks-hermann-rorschachs-birthday/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hermann Rorschach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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